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Zheng, which is also called a syndrome or pattern, is the basic unit and a key concept of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Zheng can be considered a further stratification of patients when it is integrated with biomedica...
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Zheng, which is also called a syndrome or pattern, is the basic unit and a key concept of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. Zheng can be considered a further stratification of patients when it is integrated with biomedical diagnoses in clinical practice to achieve higher efficacies. In an era of evidence-based medicine, confronted with the vast and increasing volume of TCM data, there is an urgent need to explore these resources effectively using techniques of knowledge discovery in databases. The application of effective data mining in the analysis of multiple extensively integrated databases can supply new information about TCM Zheng research. In this paper, we screened the published literature on TCM Zheng-related studies in the SinoMed and PubMed databases with a novel data mining approach to obtain an overview of the Zheng research landscape in the hope of contributing to a better understanding of TCM Zheng in the era of evidence-based medicine. In our results, contrast was found in Zheng in different studies, and several determinants of Zheng were identified. The data described in this paper can be used to assess Zheng research studies based on the title and certain characteristics of the abstract. These findings will benefit modern TCM Zheng-related studies and guide future Zheng study efforts.
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This paper investigates the methods of eclipse prediction in China before the fourth century AD, with a detailed example of the eclipse theory in the Jing chu li (Luminous Inception System ). As the official calendar of the Jin dy...
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This paper investigates the methods of eclipse prediction in China before the fourth century AD, with a detailed example of the eclipse theory in the Jing chu li (Luminous Inception System ). As the official calendar of the Jin dynasty and the Kingdom Wei during the three kingdoms period, the Jing chu li was used for more than 200 years after it was adopted in 237 AD. From the San tong li (Triple Concordance System ) of the Western Han to the Jing chu li, methods for predicting eclipses developed in three important ways: (i) from predicting only lunar eclipses to the prediction of both solar and lunar eclipses; (ii) from relying only on the mean periods of the sun and the moon to taking into consideration the variation in lunar velocity; and (iii) from estimating only a rough date to predicting the exact time of eclipses. This paper addresses two questions: first, how did ancient Chinese astronomers use cycles to predict eclipses in the Han dynasty? Second, how did astronomers such as Liu Hong and Yang Wei revise early eclipse prediction methods? The original text of the Jing chu li is analyzed to show how Yang Wei combined lunar velocity theory with the traditional method of predicting eclipses using cycles.
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For laparoscopic surgery, it is very difficult to assess the effect of different medicines used in the surgical procedure on the surgical results. In the past, doctors could use sevoflurane to numb and calm patients. For decades, ...
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For laparoscopic surgery, it is very difficult to assess the effect of different medicines used in the surgical procedure on the surgical results. In the past, doctors could use sevoflurane to numb and calm patients. For decades, this type of treatment has been fairly reliable and effective, but for laparoscopic surgery, the use of sevoflurane can lead to a wide range of blood glucose changes, so in recent years, sevoflurane compared to propofol in laparoscopic surgery on endogenous and nitrogen oxide metabolism has been studied more and more. In this paper, a variety of research methods were used to study the phenomenon of shock and excessive anesthesia encountered by patients in the treatment process. Through observation and drug experiment of patients in different treatment courses and treatment stages, patients were asked to use sevoflurane and propofol to conduct double-blind experiments on their own drug effects. At the same time, through the long-term observation of patients with different diseases and patients who need laparoscopic surgery, the nitrogen oxide metabolism in patients with sevoflurane compared with propofol endogenous was studied and analyzed. Through three groups of different conditions, the experimental group, the blind test group, and the control group were studied. To conclude, in laparoscopic surgery, the use of sevoflurane compared with propofol can have a good impact on the endogenous drug and nitrogen oxide metabolism. It can achieve a good effect on the anesthesia effect of surgery, the maintenance of patient’s physical signs and heart rate, which is very beneficial to the operation. Conclusion. Sevoflurane compared with propofol has a good effect on endogenous nitrogen oxide metabolism in laparoscopic surgery.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether compound zhi zhu xiang (CZZX) exerts anxiolytic-like effects in rats. The animals were orally administered CZZX (0.75,1.5, and 3 g/kg daily) for 10 days and tested in the elevated...
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether compound zhi zhu xiang (CZZX) exerts anxiolytic-like effects in rats. The animals were orally administered CZZX (0.75,1.5, and 3 g/kg daily) for 10 days and tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM), Vogel conflict test (VCT), and open field. Repeated treatment with CZZX (3 g/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the percentage of both entries into and time spent on the open arms of the EPM compared with saline controls. In the VCT, repeated treatment with CZZX (1.5 and 3 g/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the number of punished licks. The drug did not change the total entries into the open arms of the EPM or interfere with water consumption or nociceptive threshold, discarding potential confounding factors in the two tests. In the open field, locomotion was not reduced, discarding the possible sedative effect of CZZX. In the binding assay, the binding of [~3H] Ro 15-1788 (flumazenil) to the benzodiazepine binding site in washed crude synaptosomal membranes from rat cerebral cortex was affected by CZZX. These data indicate an anxiolytic-like profile of action for CZZX without sedative side effects, and this activity may be mediated by benzodiazepine binding site modulation at gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptors.
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Background: Huang-Fu Mi's Jia Yi Jing (JYJ) is regarded as the earliest text (282 AD) on differential diagnosis and clinical acumoxa therapy in Chinese Medicine (CM). Objective: Within this Classical framework, this study examined...
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Background: Huang-Fu Mi's Jia Yi Jing (JYJ) is regarded as the earliest text (282 AD) on differential diagnosis and clinical acumoxa therapy in Chinese Medicine (CM). Objective: Within this Classical framework, this study examined CM clinical indications for the 20 Large Intestine (LI) channel points for evidence of possible sequence-associated patterns. Materials and Methods: The JYJ detailed the systematic definition and grouping of all acupoints termed "Ruling Points" (RPs) in relation to their unique patterns of signs and symptoms ("RP indications"), rather than as channel-specific lists. The JYJ includes comprehensive descriptions for RP indications for hundreds of clinical patterns for all channel acupoints, systematically categorized across six differential diagnostic books (Seven to Twelve). Two editions of the Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (ZJJYJ) were scrutinized to identify all RPs for the LI channel sequence: the Song Dynasty Chinese edition (1077) and the English translation The Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (1994) translated by Yang and Chace. RP indications for each acupoint were coded by ZJJYJ diagnostic Book and Chapter Part and examined for relationships between sequence position and diagnostic category of individual RP indications. Results: While no single category of CM indications based on the RP diagnostic system, was common to all 19 points, there were at least seven patterns involving clusters of RP indications associated with sequence positions. Most important were the first 7 acupoints together with LI 11. These contributed 49 of the 61 RPs channel points, with indications drawn from all six diagnostic Books. Overall, the RP indications for the channel focused primarily on the head and neck, as well as on generalized fever and upper-limb pain and weakness. The most frequent diagnostic indications for the channel came from diagnostic Book Twelve (head and neck) with 24 RPs being identified for 12 LI acupoints. Conclusions: The RP attributes and profiles for the sequence of LI points overall reflect a common clinical focus, while position effect concerns the breadth of the signs and symptoms addressed by individual acupoints. Awareness of relevant RPs from other channels could refine the differential diagnosis of complex clinical conditions and their CM treatments further.
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Continuing our search for natural product-based compounds for the control of B. longissima Larvae, 25 stilbene analogs were synthesized and evaluated for insect antifeedant activity against third-instar larvae of B. longissima for...
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Continuing our search for natural product-based compounds for the control of B. longissima Larvae, 25 stilbene analogs were synthesized and evaluated for insect antifeedant activity against third-instar larvae of B. longissima for the first time. Among all the tested compounds, especially compounds 3a, 3c, and 6 showed pronounced antifeedant activities with AFC_50 values of 0.218, 0.327, and 0.226 mg/mL, respectively. The different antifeedant activity ranges of these compounds indicated that variation of chemical structures in the stilbene skeleton markedly affected the activity profiles of this compound class, and some important SAR information has been revealed from it. In addition, to understand the structural requirements for antifeedant activities of the 25 synthesized stilbene analogs, a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) model, which yielded the leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated correlation coefficient (q~2) of 0.533 and a non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (r~2) of 0.929, was constructed. Together, these preliminary results may be useful in guiding further modification of stilbenes in the development of potential new antifeedants.
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The benthic diatom community and environmental factors were investigated in Dongjiang River, China. Section division of the main stream was then conducted by using diatoms based on these investigations. The value of bio-monitoring...
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The benthic diatom community and environmental factors were investigated in Dongjiang River, China. Section division of the main stream was then conducted by using diatoms based on these investigations. The value of bio-monitoring is also discussed. According to the benthic diatom and environmental factor data on 40 sites, the main stream was divided into 4 sections by using several analysis methods (clustering, multidimensional scaling (MDS), and self-organizing map (SOM)). The results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed the existence of a phosphorus restriction for the diatom community in the mid and downstream sections, while the distribution of diatom was mainly influenced by dissolved oxygen, pH, and geographical factors. A Biological Diatom Index (IBD) was also calculated, and the results showed that this type of section division meets the requirement of ecosystem health management in Dongjiang River.C1 Yang, Yang; Jinan Univ, Res Ctr Hydrobiol, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R ChinaSC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology
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Prostate cancer is uniquely characterized both by its heterogeneous development in situ and protracted rate of progression to metastasis and treatment resistance; patients diagnosed today with high-risk localized hormone-sensitive...
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Prostate cancer is uniquely characterized both by its heterogeneous development in situ and protracted rate of progression to metastasis and treatment resistance; patients diagnosed today with high-risk localized hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) may wait more than a decade until the development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with currently available treatment modalities [1]. To understand the range and contribution of genomic alterations that contribute to the eventual lethality of metastatic CRPC, numerous analyses have been performed that assess both somatic point mutations and copy number alterations across the entire disease spectrum. To date, thousands of tumors have been profiled in sizeable cohorts, consisting largely of either localized HPSC, which include The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Canadian Prostate Cancer Genome Network (CPC-GENE), or metastatic CRPC, which include the East and West Coast Stand Up To Cancer-Prostate Cancer Foundation (SU2C-PCF) cohorts [2]. Although these efforts have produced immense volumes of genomic data with statistically robust identification of tumor drivers, attempts to compare metastatic CRPC to localized HSPC reflect the juxtaposition of two fundamentally different diseases without distinguishing the biologically complex processes of metastasis from treatment resistanc.
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Red paddy soil is one of the most important typical soils in subtropical regions of China. Appropriate fertilizer application is an important management practice to improve soil fertility and quality. Here, four paddy soil samples...
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Red paddy soil is one of the most important typical soils in subtropical regions of China. Appropriate fertilizer application is an important management practice to improve soil fertility and quality. Here, four paddy soil samples under long-term fertilization practices, the first was control without any treatment (CK), the second treated with only urea (N), the third treated with urea and recycled with all the rice straw (NC) and the last treated with not only urea, but also calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium chloride (NPK), were collected. Total C and N, available N, P and K and soil pH were measured. 28, 31, 27, 22 unique profiles screened by RFLP were identified from nifH-CK, nifH-N, nifH-NC, nifH-NPK libraries, respectively: The results showed that there was highest microbial population genetic diversity of N sample while NC sample and NPK sample had little change comparing with CK sample.C1 Qu, Junfeng; China Univ Min and Technol, Low Carbon Energy Inst, Xuzhou 221116, Peoples R ChinaSC Genetics & Heredity; Agriculture; Chemistry
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